For A-Z Answers Only
Look Out Below: A Case Study on Bone Tissue Structure and Repair
Mrs.
Debbie Morgan is a 45-year-old female who works as a stocking clerk for
a local home improvement store. While she was at work today a large box
of metal rivets fell from a 20-ft.-high overhead shelf, striking her
outstretched arm and knocking her to the ground. The ambulance personnel
reported that she had lost quite a bit of blood at the accident scene
and was “knocked out” when they arrived. To minimize further hemorrhage,
the paramedics applied a pressure bandage to her arm.
You
meet the paramedics as they bring Mrs. Morgan into the emergency room
and begin to assess her for injuries. She is awake and alert, but
complaining of severe left arm and back pain, plus she has a “killer
headache.” To fully examine her injuries you remove four blood-soaked
bandages from her arm. You notice a large open wound on her arm with
what appears to be bone tissue sticking out of the skin. She also has
bruises covering her left shoulder, left wrist, and lower back. To
determine the extent of her injuries Mrs. Morgan undergoes several
x-rays, which reveal the following:
1) fracture of the left humerus at the proximal diaphysis,
2) depressed fracture of the occipital bone,
3) fracture of the 3rd lumbarvertebral body.
Short Answer Questions
2. One way bones are classified is by their shape. How would you classify the bones fractured by Mrs. Morgan?
3. The
body of Mrs. Morgan’s vertebra is fractured. What type of bone tissue
makes up the majority of the vertebral body? Describe the structure and
function of this type of bone.
4. The
diaphysis of Mrs. Morgan’s humerus is fractured. What type of bone
makes up the majority of the diaphysis of long bones like the humerus?
Describe the layers of bone tissue found here.
5. Most
connective tissue, including bone, is highly vascular. Which anatomical
structures in Mrs. Morgan’s compact bone house blood vessels? What sign
or symptom in Mrs. Morgan’s case is directly related to disruption of
these structures by her bone fractures? How is the sign or symptom
related to these anatomical structures?
6. Within
days after a fracture, a “soft callus” of fibrocartilage forms. What
fibers are found in this type of cartilage? Identify the cells required
for fibrocartilaginous callus formation and list their functions.
7. As
a fracture is repaired, new bone is added to the injury site. What term
is used to describe the addition of new bone tissue? Identify which
bone cell is responsible for this process and explain how it occurs.
8. In
the final stage of bone repair, some of the osseous tissue must be
broken down and removed. What term is used to define the breaking down
of osseous tissue? Which bone cell would be best suited for this task?
9. The
extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone is considered to be a composite
material made up of organic and inorganic matter. What makes up the
organic and inorganic portions of the matrix? Describe the cellular
mechanism involved in breaking down this matrix; include the bone cell
required for the process.
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